Hydralazine, Minoxidil[NB: following topical application for alopecia systemic absorption of minoxidil is unlikely (only 1-2% is absorbed although greater absorption may occur with use on inflamed skin1)] |
Issues for Surgery |
For hypertension – loss of blood pressure (BP) control if omitted. For management of heart failure – potential worsening of heart failure symptoms if omitted. Risk of hypotension if continued. |
Advice in the Perioperative period |
Elective and Emergency Surgery Continue* – monitor heart rate and sodium (see Further Information) *Patients taking minoxidil (and sometimes those taking hydralazine) should also be prescribed a beta-blocker (to prevent reflex tachycardia) and, unless receiving dialysis, a diuretic (to prevent sodium and water retention)2, 3. If it is deemed necessary to stop either of these pre-operatively consideration should be given to withholding minoxidil – discuss with Cardiologist. Also see Beta-adrenoceptor Blockers (Beta-Blockers) (Systemic and Topical) monograph. Post-operative Advice Restart post-operatively as soon as next dose is due. Monitor electrolytes (specifically sodium), renal function and heart rate (see Further Information). |
Interaction(s) with Common Anaesthetic Agents |
Hypotension Nitrates can increase the risk of hypotension when used concomitantly with inhalational or intravenous anaesthetics1, 4. If hypotension develops use sympathomimetic drugs (e.g. adrenaline / epinephrine, noradrenaline / norepinephrine) with caution as they enhance the cardiac-accelerating effects of hydralazine and minoxidil2, 3, 4. |
Interaction(s) with other Common Medicines used in the Perioperative Period |
Hypotension Concomitant administration of hydralazine or minoxidil with the antiemetics droperidol and prochlorperazine may increase the risk of hypotension1. |
Further Information |
Sodium and Fluid Retention Minoxidil causes sodium retention and therefore accompanying water retention. In patients who do not receive dialysis it is essential that patients be prescribed diuretics at sufficient dose to maintain sodium and water balance3. Similar effects may also occur with hydralazine in which case concomitant administration of a diuretic may be necessary2. Close attention should be paid to fluid prescribing in the perioperative and post-operative period to ensure sodium and water balance is maintained. Tachycardia Due to the vasodilator action of hydralazine and minoxidil reflex tachycardia may occur. Concomitant administration of a beta-blocker or other sympathetic nervous system suppressant is recommended to blunt or prevent this response2, 3.
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References |
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