Short-acting: Actrapid® [human insulin], Apidra® [insulin glulisine], Fiasp® [insulin aspart], Humalog® [insulin lispro], Humulin® S [human insulin], Hypurin® Porcine Neutral [porcine animal insulin], Insuman® Infusat [human insulin], Insuman® Rapid, [human insulin], NovoRapid® [insulin aspart]
Intermediate-acting: Humulin® I [isophane insulin], Hypurin® Porcine Isophane [porcine isophane insulin], Insulatard® [isophane insulin], Insuman® Basal [isophane insulin]
[Self-mixed insulin refers to two different types of insulin (usually a short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin) combined by the patient into one injection]
Issues for Surgery |
Increased risk of post-operative infection and delayed wound healing due to poor glycaemic control if discontinued. |
Advice in the Perioperative period |
Elective Surgery Stop short-acting insulin and adjust dose of intermediate-acting insulin on day of operation - see figure 1 below for details of dose adjustment. When reducing insulin doses round to the nearest unit. EXCEPT: -
Figure 1 – Management of SELF-MIXED insulin in the Perioperative Period1 Patients undergoing Bariatric Surgery Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus commencing on liver reduction diet (LRD): Give 50% of usual dose of intermediate-acting insulin when LRD commences, with close monitoring of CBG2 (see Further Information). Stop regular administration of short-acting insulin when LRD commences2. If CBG >15mmol/L give 50% of usual dose of short-acting insulin as a rescue/correction dose. When reducing insulin doses round to the nearest unit. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not following a LRD: Follow the advice in figure 1 above for Elective Surgery. Emergency Surgery Perioperative Considerations Ensure emergency treatment of hypoglycaemia is prescribed i.e. Glucogel® and 20% dextrose. Rapid acting insulin should also be prescribed1, 3. Post-operative Advice Patients undergoing Bariatric Surgery Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus should be reviewed by the Diabetes Specialist Team post-operatively. Patients with type 2 diabetes should hold their self-mixed insulin post-operatively. Blood glucose should be monitored until eating habits and food intake stabilises2. Patients should have their need for ongoing pharmacological management of their diabetes reviewed by their General Practitioner / Bariatric Surgical Team. |
Interaction(s) with Common Anaesthetic Agents |
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Interaction(s) with other Common Medicines used in the Perioperative Period |
Reduction of Blood-Glucose Lowering Effect Somatostatin analogues (octreotide and possibly lanreotide) may either increase or decrease the insulin requirements4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 but most patients with type 1 diabetes are likely to require a reduction in insulin dose, with some studies suggesting a potential reduction of 50% in patients taking concomitant octreotide8, 10. Monitor CBG when somatostatin analogues are given to patients with diabetes10. |
Further Information |
Patients and nursing staff should be reminded of the importance of rotating injection sites within the same body region to reduce or prevent the risk of cutaneous amyloidosis and other skin reactions; injecting into an affected ‘lumpy’ area may reduce the effectiveness of insulin3. VRIII Commence a long-acting insulin at 0.2 units per kilogram during treatment with VRIII to prevent hyperglycaemia and ketosis on cessation of VRIII1. In patients with type 1 diabetes do not discontinue VRIII unless patient has received alternative subcutaneous insulin within the last 30 minutes1 Liver Reduction Diet (LRD) |
References |
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